Saturday, August 11, 2012

Border Patrol Smuggling Case: Federal Jury Finds Raul And Fidel Villarreal Guilty In High-Profile Corruption Case

SAN DIEGO ? Two former Border Patrol agents were found guilty Friday of smuggling hundreds of people into the U.S. in Border Patrol vehicles.

Raul and Fidel Villarreal were convicted of charges that they brought illegal immigrants into the U.S. for money and received bribes by public officials, and counts of conspiracy to launder money. Prosecutors said Raul Villarreal started a ring that smuggled in Mexicans and Brazilians and made Fidel Villarreal, his older brother and a fellow agent, one of his first recruits.

Both brothers pleaded not guilty in one of the highest-profile corruption cases to sting the Border Patrol since it went on a hiring spree during the last decade. Raul Villarreal had been a public face of the patrol, frequently appearing on television as an agency spokesman.

The federal probe began in May 2005 with an informant's tip to U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. Investigators installed cameras on poles in areas where migrants were dropped off, planted undercover recording devices, put tracking instruments on Border Patrol vehicles and followed a smuggling load by airplane.

The prosecution also relied on accounts of alleged accomplices and migrants who entered the country illegally, including some who identified Fidel Villarreal in photographs. One 24-year-old Brazilian woman said she paid $12,000 to be taken across the border in "a police car."

Prosecutors said the brothers were tipped off about the investigation in June 2006, prompting them to flee to Mexico.

Shortly after they settled in Tijuana, a district police commander in the Mexican border city who allegedly shuttled Villarreals' customers in squad cars was killed in a hail of about 200 bullets. The brothers were arrested in October 2008 ? more than two years after abruptly quitting the Border Patrol ? and extradited to the U.S. to face federal charges of human smuggling, witness tampering and bribery.

David Nick, Raul Villarreal's attorney, had argued the prosecution relied on witnesses who had a strong motive to lie and surveillance yielded no evidence of wrongdoing by his client.

Nick said he couldn't comment on the verdict because of a gag order. A message for Fidel Villarreal's attorney was not immediately returned.

The brothers were scheduled to be sentenced Nov. 16. They face a maximum of 50 years in prison and at least $1.25 million in penalties.

Other defendants in the case include Armando Garcia, who was also found guilty Friday of charges of smuggling illegal immigrants for money, bringing illegal immigrants into the U.S. and conspiracy to launder money. Another, Claudia Gonzalez, pleaded guilty in Dec. 2009 and was due for sentencing Sept. 10.

U.S. Attorney Laura E. Duffy praised the agencies involved in prosecution, saying in a statement that stopping "corruption and maintaining the integrity of our federal border enforcement personnel is critical to U.S. border security."

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Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/10/border-patrol-smuggling-guilty_n_1766512.html

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Thursday, August 9, 2012

U.S. productivity rises in second quarter, 2011 revised upward

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Nonfarm productivity rose more than expected in the second quarter as companies expanded output but only modestly increased the hours worked by their employees, data from the Labor Department showed on Wednesday.

Productivity climbed at a faster-than-expected 1.6 percent annual rate between April and June.

The still-modest reading could be a sign that companies will have to step up hiring to keep up with production, said Jeremy Lawson, an economist at BNP Paribas in New York.

"The pace of productivity growth is relatively soft at the moment. It's hard to add production on a faster pace without adding more workers," he said.

In the same report, the government said productivity rose 0.7 percent last year, more than the initially estimated advance of 0.4 percent. In another revision, productivity declined less than initially thought in the first quarter of 2012, the Labor Department said.

Analysts polled by Reuters had expected productivity to increase at a 1.3 percent annual rate during the second quarter.

U.S. stock index futures dipped in low volume following three days of gains on Wall Street as traders awaited more signals of central bank action to support a stalling global economy. The yield on the benchmark 10-yearTreasury note was about flat.

Output increased at a 2.0 percent rate during the second quarter, but hours worked only rose at a 0.4 percent rate, the department said.

Using several years of recently revised data on economic growth, the government also said productivity did not rise quite as much as initially thought in 2010. Employers slashed payrolls during the 2007-09 recession, helping fuel a temporary spike in productivity. The increase faded last year.

The Labor Department report also showed unit labor costs climbing 1.7 percent during the period, a faster pace than the 0.6 percent gain expected by economists polled by Reuters.

Economists said that only pointed to modest inflation pressures that would not ring any alarm bells at the U.S. Federal Reserve.

"From a Fed labor costs-based view of the inflation process, there is nothing of concern in these data," RDQ economists said in a note to clients.

(Reporting by Jason Lange in Washington and Richard Leong in New York; Editing by Andrea Ricci)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/u-productivity-rises-second-quarter-2011-revised-upward-123240246--business.html

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Fossil discovery complicates Homo sapiens' family tree (+video)

A team led by renowned paleoanthropologist Meave Leakey has discovered new fossils that they say suggests that our apelike ancestors shared their habitat with other hominid species.?

By Seth Borenstein,?AP Science Writer / August 8, 2012

This undated handout photo provided by National Geographic and Nature shows Meave Leakey as she carefully excavates the new face KNM-ER 62000 near Koobi Fora, northern Kenya. Leakey hails from a famous family of paleoanthropologists who say that the newly found fossils confirm their controversial theory that the human family tree may have sprouted some long-lost branches going back nearly two million years.

Fred Spoor/National Geographic/Nature/AP

Enlarge

Our?family?tree?may have?sprouted?some?long-lost?branches?going?back?nearly?2?million?years. A famous?paleontology?family?has?found?fossils?that they?think?confirm?their?theory?that there are?two?additional?pre-human?species?besides?the?one?that?eventually?led?to?modern?humans.

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A team?led?by Meave Leakey, daughter-in-law of famed scientist Louis Leakey,?found?facial bones from?one?creature and jawbones from?two?others in Kenya. That?led?the researchers to conclude that man's early ancestor had plenty of human-like company from other?species.

These would not be Homo erectus, believed to be our direct ancestor. They would be more like very distant cousins, who when you go?back?even longer in time, shared an ancient common ancestor,?one?scientist said.

But other experts in?human?evolution are not convinced by what they say is a leap to large conclusions based?on?limited evidence. It is the continuation of a long-running squabble in anthropology about the earliest members of our own genus, or class, called Homo ?an increasingly messy?family?history. And much of it stems from a controversial discovery that the Leakeys made 40?years?ago.

In their new findings, the Leakey team says that none of their newest?fossil?discoveries match erectus, so they had to be from another flat-faced relatively large?species?with big teeth.

The new specimens have "a really distinct profile" and thus they are "something very different," said Meave Leakey, describing the study published online Wednesday in Nature.

What these new bones did match was an old?fossil?that Meave and her husband Richard helped find in 1972 that was baffling. That skull, called 1470, just did not fit with Homo erectus, the Leakeys contended. They said it was too flat-faced with a non-jutting jaw. They initially said it was well more than 2.5?million?years?old in a dating mistake that was later seized upon by creationists as evidence against evolution because it indicated how scientists can make dating mistakes. It turned out to be2?million?years?old.

For the past 40?years, the scientific question has been whether 1470 was a freak mutation of erectus or something new. For many?years, the Leakeys have maintained that the male skull known as 1470 showed that there were more than?one?speciesof ancient hominids, but other scientists said it wasn't enough proof.

The Leakeys' new discoveries are more evidence that this earlier "enigmatic face" was a separate?species, said study co-author Fred Spoor of the Max Planck Institute in Germany. The new bones were?found?between 2007 and 2009 about six miles (10 kilometers) away from the old site?near?the fossil-rich Lake Turkana region, Leakey said.

So that would make?two?species?? erectus and the?one?represented by 1470.

Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/feeds/science/~3/QpF_0zhtT7c/Fossil-discovery-complicates-Homo-sapiens-family-tree-video

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Wednesday, August 8, 2012

Ring Communications Small Business PR Advice | Small Business ...

Getting the word out at small business

The bottom line is, if you?re not a publicist or public relations professional, the art of the pitch can be difficult to grasp. It?s not as easy as just drafting a press release and, BAM, you?re on the news. ?Journalists and Producers are fickle gatekeepers. If you send them something that isn?t newsworthy, they?re not going to run it. PERIOD. ?

Don?t believe the misconception of ??It?s all who you know.? ?It isn?t. ?It?s ALL in crafting the right message, and using the right medium, to gain the most exposure. ?I know lots of segment producers and editors. ?They all like me (I think). ?They STILL won?t pick up my pitches if they?re not newsworthy. ?And I wouldn?t want them to. ?That?s just how it is.

Let?s start by helping you define whether something is news, newsworthy, or possibly both.

News is anything your target audience will find interesting, exciting, or useful. ?Is it useful to the general public? ?Maybe, but most likely not. ?Things like new hires, sales, and events?those are all definitely news, whether or not they desire media attention is something you?ll really have to think about.

Newsworthy material is something you feel confident deserves publication in a newspaper or trade magazine, or placement on a news program or radio show. ?99% of the time, small business owners are sending out press releases to the wrong publications, about things that wouldn?t interest their audience, just because they think that?s what you do to get press.

You can save yourself a lot of time and effort by taking that extra 5 second pause to determine if what you?re looking to promote is news, or newsworthy, or, luckily for you, both!

Here are some tips to help you determine if the following topics should be promoted via the press, social media or digital marketing:

Events

On any given day, there are hundreds of events, big and small, that are taking place at the very same time your event is. ?Don?t put all your eggs in the one media basket. ?Invest the bulk of your time blasting your event out on Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, etc. ?(please do so wisely, though, with well crafted posts). ?Take advantage of online event guides. ?A lot of them are tweeting the events listed on them, thus doubling your social media efforts. ?Still alert the media your event is happening with a press release. ?Just make you target it, and don?t expect a massive push of coverage unless there is something really ?cool? or a celebrity present. ?And always, always, always use email marketing if you have a database of email addresses that you KNOW are interested in what you?ve got going on.

Promotions/New Hires

A little trick I use to determine if I?m going to pitch a new hire or promotion is I ask myself?are they the ?first?, ?only?, ?game changer?? ?That?s how editors and bookers think. ?Draft a press release, (a good and TARGETED one), send it to the media.

If you can?t get coverage, take advantage of the ?people on the move? type sections in business and trade websites and publications. ?If you get them listed on those sites, publicize that content. ?If you can?t get coverage, post it to your site. ?Promote heavily through your social channels. ?Those are audiences that are willingly following your brand because they are interested in what you have to say. ?Sometimes a perfectly timed RT can do much more than a 5 second spot on the news.

If the right person sees it, that new hire or promotion could be called on as a source. ?And, once again, email marketing?use it.

Hard News

This one is tough. ?Sometimes you can have a gut instinct about a story, craft the greatest press release in history, build the most targeted list, and still not get coverage. ?It can be disheartening. ?That?s why I really take the time to strategize and think about what stories I put the time into pitching. ?The best I can tell you, is if you truly think your story HAS to be told and that people are going to love it, go after it. ?Put all of your upfront time into drafting a really great press release, for an audience you think are dying to hear it, and send it. ?Follow up, try to connect with the media personalities you sent it to, and hope they were impressed ?and want to run it. ?If not, fall back on social media to promote it.

There?s someone out there who?s looking for a good story. ?You don?t have to rely on the press for that.

DON?T get discouraged if you can?t get a story on or in the news. ?In today?s society, 24-hour media cycles exist in a number of different forms, and news can be just as effective as newsworthy.

Kim Ring is the founder of Ring Communications, a Boston area public relations firm specializing in helping small businesses. She will be writing regularly for BizEngine.

Follow Us On Twitter |?Join BizEngine On Facebook |?Subscribe To BizEngine By E-mail

Photo credit to iStock

Source: http://www.bizengine.com/news-vs-newsworthy-knowing-when-to-publicize-and-when-to-promote/

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Get to the Bottom of Fabric Diapering: The Bare Facts Defined ...

Kitchen aprons aren?t any unique from clothes won inside of all round performance of diverse tasks. A new cooking area apron can more often than not be worn by people today engaged in prep of dishes inside kitchen area neighborhood.The most common spot to choose a man or woman putting on any kitchen apron will need to be the cooking community even if some buyers could possibly maintain out close to and pricey will typically be uncovered using just the similar. kitchon aprons be even so, free of a doubt that cooking vicinity aprons can be bought just about everywhere which include your downtown street peddler to the exec cooking place personnel on the esteemed presidential palaces. The cobbler apron is a style of an apron that offers good safety from the back and front.Previously, most of apron types looked alot more like a dress and were even put to use as article content of attire. They can be developed from essentially any cloth you can only believe of.The most widely used cooking aprons are principally crafted of cotton or polyester which is simple and easy to clean and maintain. Their significant advantage is sturdiness. Just like the other styles of apron, the general pattern and type of kitchen aprons frequently vary from their duration to the way in which they are tied. This variation is also evident when it will come to products put into use in crafting the kitchen aprons as most of the aprons today are manufactured of cotton.

It is for this reason crucial to glance and really feel for alternatives to get the most out of Orlando?s major matter parks. In the warm time of year freeze some beverages and have them in your cooler for the children.Some Orlando feeding on areas offer you with price-cost-free kid?s dishes. Then yet again, you can get discounted entrance passes. Some of the shops this variety of as Walmart offer five% discounted Disney surroundings passes. In some cases these parks have gatherings these as ?go-cart racing? that empower you to attain an particular person and get one no fee go. buy here pay here orlando a competent workers, courteous and dependable constantly prepared to help our visitors with whatsoever needsthey have to make certain that there ride with us, is not just pleasurable, but unforgettable. Orlando Airport terminal Limousine RentalsA great portion of our consumers depend on our Orlando airport terminal limo products to transportation them to and from the OrlandoInternational Airport. That signifies a total ton of targeted visitors! Whystress on your own out in the past your flight when you can unwind in the comfort of an Orlando airport limousine rental. That is why you should really rent a limo services in Orlando thathandles the driving for you and will get you safely and securely from place A to position B on-time. We?ve carefully thought of the primary locale journey properties because Walt disney world Scene &replicate. Make sure you remember, holiday properties inside Vacation can be like lodges.A very little full you needs to make certain in advance of getting yourself a good Orlando, florida rental propertyNumerous definitive criteria just earlier than autos a particular Holiday getaway to orlando rental house.

Sure, the art and science of diapering has advanced much like aerospace expertise. Although they understand that every now and then a disposable diaper is the only smart way to go, mainly when you are on vacation. So they arrived up with an eco-pleasant disposable insert that satisfies into their reuable outer covering. The inner lining snaps into the outer covering and is comfortably eradicated and replaced. grovia lining goes in the diaper pail for cleansing. One additional decision supplied by GroVia diapers is a hybrid products, in which you get the same outer coverings, but the inner lining can either be the reusable fabric pads, or can be a disposable pad recognized as the BioSoaker. So they have their ecologically vulnerable disposable pads that are built without having chlorine and other terrible factors. Nevertheless, the foremost problem of all parents or guardians is their child?s well being.When it will come to marketing sanitary ailments, the diapering follow is a good deal more very important than the exact style of diapers employed. There is enough evidence that this isn?t so. These bottles are not only sophisticated but are a safe, earth-pleasant and overall health acutely aware choix.Stainless metal of grade SS-316 is harmless for meals and beverages, remarkably tough and painless to clean. It is the content of solution in the food stuff, dairy and brewery industries.Stainless steel child bottles are tough. Spurred by the trend to personalize and spice up on a daily basis products and solutions like pcs and telephones, diaper providers now deliver some quite colorful options. Of study course, it is still probable to locate typical disposable and cloth diapers. By Hfujnd nijamnkd

Written by Evelyn Posted in Business and Management Tagged with Review

Source: http://www.vintagetravelexperience.com/get-to-the-bottom-of-fabric-diapering-the-bare-facts-defined/

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Targeted Email Marketing

If you?re similar to most which have a business on the online, as well as at least a niche site on your business, you already know the best way important internet marketing will likely be. Marketing online might have a few similarities to standard marketing, however you will discover plenty of variances so it requires a completely new tactic. As well as marketing through content, ads, along with recommendations, the most effective methods of a profitable business operator right now will be email marketing.

Utilizing email pertaining to online marketing has been online since introduction of email, plus it can always be very effective. Even so, you need to be watchful when you are going to apply it, and you possess to ensure that carry out the marketing the right way. In any other case, you possibility alienating along with angering the audience that you?re wanting to get to.

The reason why E mail marketing a good idea:?Every time a customer visits an site, there is absolutely no guarantee that she or he is going to invest in whatever as well as get back to read a lot more content. As opposed to obtaining just one picture having a customer, you ought to email newsletter signup that will enable you to keep in touch with customer. This specific offers you the email handle that one could keep in your databases, and you will be competent to provide the subscribers with an more of content they can use.

There is no need to offer any newsletter, however it?s really a wonderful online marketing tool. Persons desire to experience as if they are obtaining something if they supply their email address, along with this can be a great way.

Provide email Address:?Visitors do not generally spend his or her email addresses. They will recognize each of the tips within the online marketing book can?t. They will fear that you?ll market their email address as well as that you?ll send all of them spam. You ought to be extremely in advance by what you are going to carry out using the email along with exactly what you are going to always be emailing to people that supply their email address.

Using a reliable site will be step one. You have to have a niche site having a beneficial reputation, and that offers content that this target audience finds practical as well as interesting about the first visit. This specific will make all of them much more likely to offer a email address. If you give you a newsletter, you need to ensure it is equally useful while your site. People who market products should acquire supply a few deals as well as special discounts within the newsletter, as a result adding much more worth with it. Probably deliver an additional 5% away when getting some others to sign up for the newsletter.

You might have a opt-in type on the site. It ought to be an easy task to assimilate a questionaire pertaining to e-mail signups along with lots of the advanced wordpress themes or templates available today. In case you can?t locate a plugin as well as feature which could make this happen using the theme, you possibly can always have an individual assemble the proper execution in your case. Be sure that you hold the type on more than only one spot on the site way too. When you don?t desire to inundate all of them using the type, you have to have the item on the home page, about people page along with important spots on the site. In case you market product, have a very type about the checkout page also.

Utilizing email address certainly isn?t really the only type of online marketing of which you are going to carry out, however it is usually very valuable. When it comes to online marketing strategies, you want to do almost everything doable to present your company the most effective strengths.

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Source: http://lotusofgoogle.com/targeted-email-marketing/

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Tuesday, August 7, 2012

Uganda deploys air force to pursue militants in Somalia

KAMPALA (Reuters) - Uganda's military, which forms the backbone of the African Union peacekeeping force in Somalia, has deployed an air force contingent to reinforce troops who hope to retake a city from al Qaeda-linked militants before the government's mandate expires.

A combined force in Somalia is planning an onslaught on Kismayu, Somalia's second biggest city which is a hub for the al Shabaab Islamist militants, before August 20.

Weakened by internal divisions and financial constraints, the rebels have surrendered territory in Mogadishu, central and southern Somalia where they are also battling Ethiopian forces as well as Kenyan soldiers now integrated into the African Union mission AMISOM.

A U.S.-backed plan calls for Somalia to establish a legitimate government accepted by fractious clans and a new parliament and constituent assembly to replace institutions plagued by corruption and infighting.

The National Constituent Assembly, sitting in Mogadishu for the last week, approved a provisional constitution to replace an 8-year-old Transitional Federal Charter and lead to the end of the transition process on August 20, when the U.N.-backed government's mandate expires.

Lt. Moses Omayo, spokesman for the Uganda Airforce, told Reuters the contingent comprising transport and combat helicopters left Uganda for Somalia on Monday.

"Conditions keep changing in Somalia and we felt it was the right time to deploy an air component to support our ground troops," Omayo said.

"We have sent helicopters which will provide air cover for combat troops, escort convoys, conduct rescue missions and airdrop forces," he said.

Omayo said the helicopters would conduct operations only in areas in which troops that include those from Burundi and Djibouti are deployed.

The rebel group has waged a five-year campaign to topple Somalia's Western-backed government and impose its harsh interpretation of Islamic law.

U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton last week thanked President Yoweri Museveni of Uganda for helping in Somalia to fight the al Shabaab insurgents.

(Editing by George Obulutsa)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/uganda-deploys-air-force-pursue-militants-somalia-143138364.html

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What to Consider in Choosing Mountain Bike Tires ?

Choosing the right types of mountain bike tires will decide the length of durability and so do the amount of budget you will spend. Bike tires used in smooth terrain like in asphalt will be different from bike tires employed in rough terrain such as a rocky area. The same thing also applies when you ride a mountain bike on a smooth area; it will not need as much energy as on a rocky area. When you want to ride a mountain bike in a smooth terrain, choosing a tire with lesser treads will be useful since the bike does not need to pass through a rough terrain.

Every person has different preference in choosing a tire so there are huge selections of mountain bike tires to be chosen based on the terrain you will pass through and based on the comfort that suits your taste. If you want to ride a mountain bike fast in a challenging terrain, choose tires with not too much resistance in rolling and with little groove and a semi slick. Then, you also can purchase lighter tires with supple form or the best tires to be used in better traction. Those types of tires are not only can perform fast but also easy to handle, very light and worthy to buy.

It is known that mountain bike tires are especially made differently with other types of tires. The tires are made endurable to rough terrains in the mountains that are full of rock and difficult tracks so they prevent you from falling over and getting injured during the ride. Not only tires that are important to notice if you want to ride a mountain bike but other parts are also crucial to be noted since a bike has several parts that collaborate to make a unity.

There are abundant of mountain bike tires shops that are available and choose one that you think can offer a complete selection of tires. Moreover, choose a bike shop with friendly customer service to help you in making decision to choose which type of mountain bike tires suitable for you. The general ideas are you can choose lighter tires if the terrain is smooth while you can choose heavier tires if you will pass through a rough terrain. Knowing the type of terrain you will pass through will ease you in choosing the right type of mountain bike tires.

As the development of technology, you not only can shop for mountain bike tires to the bike shop but you also can do transaction through online shopping in the internet. The same as manual shop, online shop also provides you with huge selections of tires such as standard mountain bike with a standard rim of wheel which are suitable for smooth terrain. On the other hand, if you are a fan of dirt jumping, choosing 24-inches of tires is the right choice. The area used to do dirt jumping is slippery and muddy so choosing thick tires will keep you from falling over and keep steady in the bike.

You should be selective in choosing mountain bike tires since mountain bike is already made heavy and if you choose heavy tires you should consider yourself about how you will handle the bike and the terrain at the same time. Heavy tires will make you exhausted if you want to reach the top of a mountain so choosing the right type of tires is very crucial. In addition, knowing the durability of tires that you purchase is also vital since you can save some of your money if your tires can last long. To sum up, choose mountain bike tires based on your need and your preference.

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Source: http://all-articles-directory.com/what-to-consider-in-choosing-mountain-bike-tires/

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10 Things to Know for Tuesday

A tear runs down the cheek of a member of the Sikh Temple of Wisconsin as he attends a news conference at Oak Creek Centennial church in Oak Creek, Wis. on Monday, Aug 6, 2012. Officials and witnesses said a gunman walked into the temple on Sunday, Aug. 5, 2012 and opened fire as several dozen people prepared for Sunday morning services. Six were killed, and three were critically wounded. (AP Photo/Jeffrey Phelps)

A tear runs down the cheek of a member of the Sikh Temple of Wisconsin as he attends a news conference at Oak Creek Centennial church in Oak Creek, Wis. on Monday, Aug 6, 2012. Officials and witnesses said a gunman walked into the temple on Sunday, Aug. 5, 2012 and opened fire as several dozen people prepared for Sunday morning services. Six were killed, and three were critically wounded. (AP Photo/Jeffrey Phelps)

Christopher Del Mastro, head of anti submarine warfare mobil targets stands next to an unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) in a lab at the Naval Undersea War Center in Middletown, RI., Tuesday, July 31, 2012. Narragansett Bay is the testing ground for the Naval Undersea Warfare Center where the Navy is working toward its goal of achieving a squadron of self-driven, undersea vehicles. (AP Photo/Stephan Savoia)

FILE - This photo released Tuesday, Feb. 22, 2011, by the U.S. Marshal's Service shows Jared Lee Loughner, the suspect in the Tucson shooting rampage that killed six people and left several others wounded, including then-U.S. Rep. Gabrielle Giffords. A person familiar with the Jared Lee Loughner case says a court-appointed psychiatrist will testify Tuesday, Aug. 7, 2012 that Loughner is competent to enter a plea in the murders and attempted murders including the wounding of former U.S. Rep. Gabrielle Giffords. (AP Photo/U.S. Marshal's Office, File)

Your daily look at late-breaking news, upcoming events and the stories that will be talked about today (times EDT):

1 WHAT LED ARMY VETERAN TO KILL SIX WORSHIPPERS IN SIKH TEMPLE

Detectives say they may never know for sure, but Wade Michael Page posted frequent comments saying he wanted to see his white supremacist views advanced with action.

2. JUDGE TO DECIDE IF ARIZONA MASS SHOOTING SUSPECT WILL BE JAILED FOR LIFE

Defense attorneys and prosecutors need to convince the court at a 2 p.m. hearing that Jared Loughner is mentally fit and agreed to the sentence.

3. MAN ACCUSED OF SHOOTING WIFE IN HOSPITAL BED TO APPEAR IN COURT

Police await autopsy results that could affect the attempted aggravated murder charge against John Wise, who appears in court at 9 a.m.

4. HONDURAS CONSIDERS EVACUATIONS AS ERNESTO APPROACHES

Officials say the move is not necessary yet, but are watching closely as the storm builds toward hurricane strength.

5. MORE THAN 1,300 SYRIANS FLEE TO TURKEY

The 1,328 refugees that had crossed the border so far today is nearly double the number of refugees who reached Turkey a day earlier, a Turkish official says.

6. WHO MCCASKILL'S CHALLENGER FOR HER MISSOURI SENATE SEAT MIGHT BE

It's a toss-up among three GOP hopefuls at the Show-Me state heads to the polls at 7 a.m.

7. IN THE YACHTING CENTER OFF NEWPORT, R.I, A DIFFERENT TYPE OF VESSEL

The Naval Undersea Warfare Center is developing a squadron of self-driven, undersea vehicles there.

8. WHAT BEN BERNANKE HAS TO SAY TODAY

The Federal Reserve chairman Ben Bernanke speaks before the International Association of Research in Income and Wealth at 9 a.m.

9. OLYMPICS CROWD LETS THE MUSIC MOVE THEM

Whether it is Queen singing "We will Rock You" or Duffy's "Mercy," the tunes help set the tone at The Games.

10. GET READY FOR MORE OF 'THE BOLT SHOW'

The Jamaican sensation returns to the track for the first round of the 200 meters at 6:50 a.m.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/3d281c11a96b4ad082fe88aa0db04305/Article_2012-08-07-10%20Things%20to%20Know-Tuesday/id-bee2ed3c9d444a5a800a80cb7493086a

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Monday, August 6, 2012

Everything passes the look test on opening day for Syracuse football

Syracuse, NY ? The weather couldn?t have been nicer for the first Syracuse University football practice of the 2012 preseason.

With the exception of a handful of players missing because of summer school obligations or injuries, some 90-plus Orange players took to the turf fields behind Manley Field House just before 5 p.m.

SU players were in helmets and shorts, as they will be for the first few days. Full pads are expected Friday.

While watching 45 minutes of exercises and drills doesn?t reveal a ton about the 2012 team, there were a few things that looked promising. A lot of that promise is based on looks only.

Here are a few impressions:

Source: http://blog.syracuse.com/orangefootball/2012/08/everything_passes_the_look_tes.html

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Homeschool: Prepping for the SATs : Ideas for Women Home and ...


One of the biggest tests that your homeschool student will ever take will be his or her?s SATs. It is never too early to begin prepping for these. In fact I believe that all lessons should be a preparation for these tests. Homeschooled students ave an advantage in SATs because they actually have more time to prepare. However one big disadvantage is that in a regular school students are taught from an early age how to test whereas many homeschooled students aren?t.

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There are ways to test your student to test and to do it without pulling out each other?s hair.? First and foremost is make sure your student works on their penmanship. The SATs have a written essay part and it must be written in a clear, legible hand. It?s easy to say that you can read your child?s handwriting so it fine but you need to be sure that others can read it as well The other great way to test is to create those crazy bubble tests so that you student can practice. I know they are a pain but that is how the SATs are done. You can create you own for free just like I do.

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Finally go to the source! The SAT College Board website has all sorts of great, useful information including a practice test and place for you to register for upcoming tests.


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Source: http://blogs.ideasforwomen.com/blogs/family/2012/08/homeschool-prepping-for-the-sats/

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Robert Pattinson, Kristen Stewart Both Hiding Out

Twilight’s Robert Pattinson may not be the only one hiding out.? According to reports Kristen Stewart has also left the house she shared with her boyfriend behind.                                             Actress Kristen Stewart has now abandoned the home she once shared with her now ex-boyfriend Robert Pattinson.? Stewart has reportedly left the couple’s lonely and empty California home to stay with her friend and producer Giovanni Agnelli who worked with the distraught Stewart on the movie Welcome to the Rileys. Just last week Stewart’s friend defended her on Twitter last week, saying that the young star is like a sister to him, stating that she did not have any sexual relationship with The Snow White and the Huntsman director. “Kristen is acting like a heartbroken teenager. She is crying her eyes out non-stop and does not want to communicate with anyone,” an unknown source revealed.? Adding, “She is beyond mortified and humiliated and she is also broken hearted.? She says she truly loved Rob. She says he was her soul mate, but she blew it and now she is scared that [...]

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/RightCelebrity/~3/-MZJB2SG7yc/

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Code-Alarm Vehicle Security Names Armour Automotive New UK ...

Hauppauge, NY (08.06.12) ? Audiovox Electronics Corp. today announced that it has entered into a distribution agreement with Armour Automotive for the distribution of Code Alarm Vehicle Security products in the UK and Ireland.

The Code Alarm brand of vehicle security products is best known for its commitment to technology and the high quality and reliability of its remote start and vehicle security systems. The brand enjoys significant market share in the US and this agreement represents the first direct distribution in the UK and Ireland.

Tom Malone

Tom Malone, President of Audiovox Electronics Corp, the parent company of Code Alarm, said ?We are delighted to have Armour Automotive as a distribution partner in the UK and Ireland. They have an unrivalled customer base and technical support facilities that will position the Code-Alarm brand to be the premier vehicle security solution provided to their customers.?

?We believe this partnership will enable Armour to provide a quality, competitive, security product offering. We also have extensive knowledge and expertise within our technical department to further support our customer?s needs? said Shaun Findley, Technical Director, Armour Automotive Ltd.

For more information visit http://www.voxxintl.com.

Related posts:

  1. Philips Automotive Lighting North America Names Richard Zeichner As Midwest Account Manager
  2. ABC Automotive and Electronics ? Car Alarm Install Tech.
  3. Security/Alarm Display For Sale
  4. Code Alarm Ready Remote Start Season
  5. Kicker Hosts Distributor Meeting In Ireland

Source: http://www.12voltnews.com/blog/2012/08/05/code-alarm-vehicle-security-names-armour-automotive-new-uk-ireland-distributor/

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Sunday, August 5, 2012

Olympic sour note: Track events' music criticized

Alastair Jamieson/NBC News

Anya Starovoytov, from San Francisco, likes the music at Saturday's track events

By Alastair Jamieson, NBC News, NBC News Digital Writer/Editor, London

LONDON ? Organizers of the London Games on Saturday defended loud music played in the Olympic Stadium while athletes are competing.

Pop tunes with a playlist dominated by British artists were being played constantly between Friday night?s events at the 80,000-seater track and field venue, and also during longer races such as the women's 10,000-meter final.

Some commentators and ticket-holders criticized the decision via social media, calling it ?intrusive? and ?horribly, unforgivably misjudged.?


Jackie Brock-Doyle, director of communications at the London Organizing Committee of the Olympic Games (LOCOG), said the idea had been approved by the sport's IAAF governing body.

She told reporters on Saturday: ?In terms of the music, I think we have the level right, but if you are saying that people are not liking it, then, of course, we will have a look at it, but we have actually had loads of really positive feedback about the atmosphere and the music in the venue.?

Medals for poets and painters? Not at this Olympics, but culture still key at London 2012

Paul Kelso, sports writer at The Daily Telegraph newspaper, wrote on Saturday that the music was??drowning out the golden moments of London 2012.?

He wrote:

Locog have made much of their use of music in venues, and for the most part it has been well-judged and discerningly selected. Who has ever heard?This Charming Man by?The Smiths?at an athletics meeting before?

But last night, as the women?s 10,000m provided the climax of an exhilarating first day, it was horribly, unforgivably misjudged. The race is one of the great treats of the Olympics, a slowly unfolding drama of tactics and pacing, team strategy combining with individual ambition to provide a unique, always memorable event.

But instead of respecting the athletes and allowing the drama to unfold naturally, the witless gang in the stadium DJ booth decided that techno and twaddle would enhance the experience.

So as a group of four athletes, including eventual winner Tirunesh Dibaba, broke the field and gathered themselves for the finish with 2,000m to run, the commentator, Canadian Garry Hill, encouraged a Mexican Wave to track them round the stadium.

Worse, with two laps to go he dropped some house music. For what its worth it was a decent tune, but it was an unforgiveable distraction from the climax of one of the purest tests of athleticism we will see at the London Games. It might also have been a distraction to the athletes as they calibrated their pace for the final surge.

His comments were echoed by many Twitter users. ?Athletics Weekly editor Jason Henderson Tweeted: "Not sure about loud, thumping music in athletics stadium. Grands prix, fine. But Olympics should be more traditional, surely."

London journalist Nick Metcalfe posted: ?Is the gloss being taken off the Olympic Stadium atmosphere already? Many complaints about intrusive announcements and music.?

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However, the crowd at Saturday's track events was more positive. Tom Wong, from east Yorkshire, England, said: "I really like it - they've chosen the music well and it really helps the atmosphere - it would feel very quiet otherwise."

Anya Starovoytov, from San Francisco, said: "It's getting everyone really pumped up - I can't see that it would bother anyone."

Watch World News videos on NBCNews.com

The music was also defended at Saturday?s press conference by Teresa Edwards, chef de mission at the United States Olympic Committee.?She said: ?I love it. You can't hear it. In basketball it definitely goes out as soon as the player hits the floor. It entertains the crowd, and we are very used to it in the States, to be honest with you.?

Alastair Jamieson/NBC News

Tom Wong, from east Yorkshire, England, welcomed the music

Olympic hosts: Londoners open their homes to the world

Patrick Bauman, secretary-general of the Federation of International Basketball, added:? ?Personally I maybe agree that it is loud but that is a personal view. The spectators really love it. It does not bother the players and the athletes, they are playing the game.

?In my venue we haven't received any complaints at all. They come in at 9 o'clock in the morning, they leave at midnight and they are all happy, so I think they have the right mix of talent on the field, at least in our sport, and of music and of loudness as well because people like to cheer, they like their kiss cam, and they like singing English songs which are known worldwide, and I think that is really good. It brings more to their experience. It has been excellent, and certainly better than what we had in the past.?

More world stories from NBC News:

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Source: http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/08/04/13120170-olympic-disharmony-london-defends-music-during-track-events?lite

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Hypertension ? Module 1 Heart and Hypertension by Dr. Sheldon ...

Title: Hypertension ? Module 1: Heart and Hypertension: Managing Hypertension to Prevent Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation. This video provides an overview for speaker/facilitators on how to deliver this learning module. Speaker: Sheldon Tobe, MD, FRCPC, FACP, FASH This video is provided by the Canadian Hypertension Education Program: hypertension.ca Hypertension Canada ? Advancing health by the prevention and control of high blood pressure through research, advocacy, education and knowledge development and translation.
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Source: http://myveryhealthy.com/todays-healthcare/hypertension-module-1-heart-and-hypertension-by-dr-sheldon-tobe-2011.html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=hypertension-module-1-heart-and-hypertension-by-dr-sheldon-tobe-2011

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Virginia women s health associates - HEALTH, BEAUTY & FITNESS

virginia women s health associatesHow metabolic process decides the load: ? The speed of metabolic process has a significant part in determining the weight problems status of the person. Yep, he? s going to go into the healthcare fray together with his own plan. Duke, James A. The primary reason to possess a cervical smear would be to monitor the healthiness of the cervix, and also to lower the amount of ladies who contract cervical cancer. By buying whole- foods and making your personal foods in your own home, you avoid the fee for buying prepackaged meals which are more expensive and last less. department Because the trip to the dental professional only happens two times annually, you need to know what type of toothbrush is the best for your teeth, in addition to how you can brush correctly. Candidates for certification through the condition of Arizona receive experience check before they? re licensed. States, unlike the idea of advocacy groups that oppose the strict restrictions from the health care reform law. Before you decide to continue reading, we snohomish county health department ought to counsel you that each policy differs and you will need to read your personal documents to find the full picture. Although companies will give you qualified leads, some could also expect the insurance coverage salesman or broker to develop their very own leads. Notice that your spirit is providing you with the gift of disappointment to encourage you to definitely take on a larger version women individuals. You will find various s kinds of insurance plans and plans of each and every condition and each insurance provider. Shall we be ready for that baby seniors getting older? There? s an internet site which makes the entire process much simpler, and there? s no recourse or obligation to obtain a quote after which come to a decision. This suggests that if you? re touring across the nation and also have virginia women s health associates any sort of accident or perhaps a medical emergency, you can turn to the closest hospital or begin to see the nearest physician without disturbing concerning the expense. Fresh apricots will help detox your body by eliminating out contaminant it? s also advantageous for those who have fever. This makes it very hard to maintain the premium costs over time. Hence, if you concentrate on making certain health from among the reputed medicare insurance companies, you may enjoy tax saving facility through the government. The health scholarship virginia grants likewise incorporate stipends on the top from the tuition. Can Ear plugs Enhance Your Health We all know ear plugs safeguard your hearing, snohomish but will they enhance your health? Other cleaning tools may be used for example clean cloth health and cleaning gauze. The very first 1 / 2 of the twentieth century have been county a virginia women s health associates time of an explosion in American business. He is able to thank his creator. Medicare insurance planproducts are recognized to be rather advantageous to battle against expenses associated associates with health treatment. Dr. Although a sophistication period with a minimum of thirty days is allowed, if your fees are compensated past the sophistication period, coverage could be ended. Like a number of other states, medical health insurance plans in Florida can be found towards the citizens in traditional format. To enhance your joint health, take just the suggested dosage on the bottle, since taking an excessive amount of might have undesirable unwanted effects.

Related Post Virginia women s health associates

Natural splendor Quality recipes ? Build your own beauty remedies Natural beauty and health quality recipes which are developed in your own home provide Improve Health Through Reverse Osmosis ? Will It Actually Work Have you ever heard that you could improve health through reverse osmosis and wish In addition, many people even slim down with regular use of essential olive oil. However, it doesn? t mean that you ought to simply This important mineral impacts every muscle within articles your health body. To optimize your intestinal health, you mustn? t overstress your intestinal tract. String In the following paragraphs, we? ll explore all kinds of costs involved with a household medical health insurance. Healthcare Cost Increases Healthcare cost still

Source: http://curryrecipe-jp.net/health-2/virginia-women-s-health-associates/

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Individual Health Insurance Hsa ? Compare Medical Insurance Plans

Individual Health Insurance Hsa ? Compare Medical Insurance Plans

Do you need Individual Health Insurance HSA?? There are numerous sites where you can get free health insurance quotes.? Get the best health insurance rates available now by going here.

It?s not very bright to go on withouth health insurance.? Injuries and illnesses can occur when you least expect them.? Health care is by no means cheap and expenses can increase quickly.

In reality, if an accident or ailment comes up and you have no insurance you could be cleaned out financially.? Medical assistance can be quite steep and, thus, it?s vital for many people to acquire affordable health insurance.

There are a variety of companies that supply health insurance to choose from.? Insurance companies will provide different packages so people can choose which one fits their needs.

Finding a suitable health policy can be a difficult task.? It?s vital to acquire the best insurance you can for an amount that you are comfortable paying.? Thus, it?s a great plan to acquire insurance rates to obtain the most suitable policies obtainable.

Get a free health insurance quote now.

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Save yourself time and frustration by using free online health quote services.? It would take hours to go to every single insurance provider?s website and get a quote.? Luckily for you and me, free website services exist so you can acquire rates from the insurance firms very fast.

Get more info on Individual Health Insurance HSA and get a free insurance rate by going here.

Source: http://www.drjarjan.com/124/individual-health-insurance-hsa-compare-medical-insurance-plans-2

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Friday, August 3, 2012

Tips for project managing your self-build scheme | Home Hold - Your ...

Being the project manager for your own self-build development can be incredibly rewarding, but also hard work. If you decide you want to take control of your own scheme, rather than employing a professional, make sure you do your research so you know what?s involved.

Here is a bit of advice if you?ve decided you want to project manage the construction of your home.

Be available

The first thing you need to understand about project managing a building scheme is that you?ll need to be around, onsite, most of the time. This isn?t really something you can do effectively in your spare time after work, so make sure you?re prepared to put the hours in and can afford to take time away from your job.

As you might expect, project managing requires a lot of planning ? not just of the site, contractors and building process itself, but also of your own time. A top tip is to sit down at the beginning of every week and plan out your days, so you know what you should be doing when. Obviously, you need to have some flexibility within your schedule, as unexpected events are part and parcel of building work.

Consider safety

Safety should be one of your primary concerns as a project manager and there are several things you can do to prevent accidents and ensure you comply with the relevant legislation from the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). Keeping your site tidy and organised is paramount, while ensuring you have all the required safety equipment and protective clothing available to your contractors is equally vital.

Don?t forget that you need to notify the HSE that you?re starting construction work before you get builders onsite. It?s also a good idea to revise their guidance to make sure you comply with it at every stage of your build.

Sourcing materials and machinery

For simplicity when it comes to buying building materials, it?s easiest to set up an account with a local builders? merchant you?re happy with and place all your orders with them. This will mean you only have one monthly invoice to deal with and a single point of contact. Sourcing certain materials elsewhere may save you money, but be prepared for extra hassle when dealing with multiple companies.

Call around a few merchants to get rough quotations for different materials and talk to your builder about which providers are reliable. When you set up an account, make sure you understand how the ordering process works and whether you can get any trade discounts on the items you?re buying. It?s good to advise your merchant if you know you?ll need to order more of a certain product at a later date, too.

Similar rules apply to?hiring machinery?and it?s sensible to sit down with your contractor(s) to work out what you?ll need at which stages of the build. To make life easier, find a firm you can hire all the necessary equipment from and see if they will offer you a deal for using them throughout your building process.

These are just a few of the considerations you need to take into account when you?re project managing a self-build scheme. Other things to think about before you get started include waste management, materials handling, hiring the right contractors and your budget.

Source: http://homehold.org/tips-for-project-managing-your-self-build-scheme

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25-mile section of Erie Canal closed (Rochester Democrat and Chronicle)

Share With Friends: Share on FacebookTweet ThisPost to Google-BuzzSend on GmailPost to Linked-InSubscribe to This Feed | Rss To Twitter | Politics - Top Stories Stories, News Feeds and News via Feedzilla.

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Siblings Belong Together : Be a Family: Success Stories

We all hear the complaints about a foster care system that separates siblings and moves children time and again with, seemingly, little or no thought.?The truth, however, is most often very different.?Here?s a story that shines light on a mom who adopted her foster daughters and their sibling?

Jonetta Smith has been a foster parent with Buckner Foster Care in Beaumont since 2010. Ms. Smith began her journey simply wanting to make a difference in the life of a child through foster care. Soon after being licensed, she accepted placement of two precious little girls, Zoe and Amanda.

After approximately one year she realized that she wanted to adopt the sisters, but they had a brother, Zane, who lived in another foster home. Without hesitation, Ms. Smith began asking questions about how she could adopt Zane as well.

She made changes to her home in order to accommodate him. Through her love and commitment, she was determined to make sure these siblings stayed together. Ms. Smith?s journey was difficult while CPS worked on termination, and Buckner was there to support her every step of the way.

Ms. Smith finally adopted all three siblings in May 2012. She was so excited to give the children a forever home where they could grow up together. The children are blessed with a loving, caring family.? They are very involved in activities within their community. Zane plays baseball and his sisters love to dance. The children now have a bright future all because of the love and commitment of their adoptive mother who was not afraid to open both her heart and her home when they needed someone most.?

What are your thoughts on how Buckner can encourage more families who might be willing to foster or adopt sibling groups and older children?

Samela Macon is the foster care program director for Buckner Children and Family Services in Beaumont, Texas.


Source: http://stories.beafamily.org/index.php/2012/08/siblings-belong-together/

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Thursday, August 2, 2012

Lower hybrid drift waves in Earth's magnetosphere investigated

ScienceDaily (Aug. 1, 2012) ? Exploiting a favourable configuration of ESA's Cluster mission spacecraft, scientists have detected and characterised lower hybrid drift waves, a special kind of plasma waves that develop in thin boundaries both in space and in the laboratory. The measurement of fundamental properties of these waves was possible when two of the spacecraft were flying very close to one another in the tail of Earth's magnetosphere. With wavelengths of about 60 km, these waves appear to play an important role in the dynamics of electrons and in the transfer of energy between different layers of plasma in the magnetosphere.

Like all planets with a magnetic field, Earth has a protective shield against the solar wind, the stream of charged particles released continuously by the Sun. This bullet-shaped bubble, called the magnetosphere, is forged by the interplay between the solar wind and our planet's magnetic field and is composed of plasma, a state of matter that consists of charged particles and ions rather than atoms or molecules. The shielding effect, however, is not complete: particles from the solar wind are able, under certain conditions, to leak into the magnetosphere, where they may be subsequently accelerated, giving rise to the spectacular phenomenon of aurorae.

The detailed mechanisms that cause solar wind particles to enter the magnetosphere and to be accelerated to high energies are not yet fully understood. More generally, the mutual interaction between the various regions that make up the magnetosphere, populated by plasma with very different densities and energies, remains an open issue and is the subject of extensive investigations. Understanding these processes is of great importance in the context of space weather, which is crucial to the operation of space missions and telecommunications networks. Besides, similar processes also take place, in a scaled-down version, when plasma is artificially produced in the laboratory for a variety of Earth-bound applications -- an example is the tokamak plasma employed in nuclear fusion research. Earth's magnetosphere provides scientists with a giant testbed to study the behaviour of plasma on different scales than those that can be tackled in the laboratory.

In the magnetosphere, interactions are not a trivial problem, as plasma there is in a state referred to as 'collisionless' -- the density and energy of particles and ions are such that individual collisions between them are extraordinarily rare. Therefore, the exchange of matter and energy between different plasma regions, as well as the acceleration of particles, must take place via mechanisms other than collisions. In fact, plasma has a very interesting feature that distinguishes it from an ordinary gas: while remaining neutral as a whole, local differences may develop in the distribution of its positive and negative charges. These inhomogeneities give rise to electric and magnetic fields and, in turn, the oscillations of such fields produce waves. Whereas particles in collisionless plasma hardly ever impact one another, they interact with these waves via the electromagnetic force and may gain or lose energy in the process.

In particular, theory suggests that electrons, which dominate the dynamics of plasma on small scales, are strongly affected by a special type of waves called lower hybrid drift waves. These waves are known to develop in plasma whenever its density and the strength of its magnetic field undergo an abrupt change. While these waves are well understood from a theoretical point of view, it has not been possible so far to fully characterise them experimentally, nor to probe their interaction with electrons. A new study based on data from ESA's Cluster mission has now shed light on the subject by measuring their wavelength and velocity in the magnetosphere.

"The small scales where lower hybrid drift waves are generated complicate the efforts to measure their properties," comments Cecilia Norgren, from the Swedish Institute of Space Physics, who is also a PhD student at Uppsala University, Sweden. Norgren is the lead author of the paper reporting on the study and published online on 31 July 2012 in Physical Review Letters. In the case of artificial plasma in the laboratory, measuring the wavelength and speed of these waves is practically impossible; the scales involved are of the order of a hundred microns or even less, and experimental probes are often of the same size, thus interfering with the measurement process. "Fortunately, the magnetic field strength in the Earth's magnetosphere is much weaker and lower hybrid drift waves arise on scales of a few tens of kilometres. This allows us to detect them by performing simultaneous measurements with multiple spacecraft, provided that the separation between them is also of the same scale," she adds.

Norgren and her collaborators examined data collected with the Cluster spacecraft as they flew through the magnetotail, the long, cylindrical end of the magnetosphere that extends in the direction opposite the Sun. The magnetotail comprises the lobes, two plasma layers characterised by very low density and strong magnetic fields, and a denser layer between them -- the plasma sheet -- where the magnetic field is weaker than in the lobes. The plasma sheet is separated from the lobes by a very thin boundary. "Due to the drastically different properties of plasma on either side of narrow boundaries such as the one in the magnetotail, we expect these sites to host most of the energy exchanges that take place in a plasma," explains Mats Andr? from the Swedish Institute of Space Physics, co-author of the paper and Norgren's PhD supervisor.

The team of scientists exploited a very favourable crossing of the Cluster spacecraft through this region. During several months in 2007, the four spacecraft were arranged in an unusual configuration, with two of them separated only by a few tens of km, and the other two at a much larger distance. "When the two nearby spacecraft were both located in the thin boundary on 31 August 2007, their separation was only 40 kilometres: an ideal setup to probe the behaviour of plasma on the scales where electrons become dominant and to search for lower hybrid drift waves," Andr? adds.

Analysing the data, the team successfully detected such waves, measuring their wavelength, which is of the order of 60 kilometres, and propagation velocity, which is about 1000 kilometres per second. "The results represent the first detailed characterisation of lower hybrid drift waves in space and are in good agreement with theoretical expectations," notes Norgren. The velocity of the waves is of the same order as the typical velocity of ions in the magnetosphere plasma, as predicted by theory. "Furthermore, the electrostatic potential associated with the waves corresponds to about 10 per cent of the electron energy, suggesting that these waves may possess enough energy to have a strong impact on the dynamics of the electrons and to accelerate them," she adds.

The study by Norgren and her collaborators demonstrates that electrons do interact with lower hybrid drift waves and that this represents an efficient mechanism to transfer energy between different layers of plasma. Future studies will investigate this process in greater detail, trying to understand the role played by these waves in the context of magnetic reconnection.

"This study significantly improves our knowledge of the dynamics and energetics of plasma in the magnetosphere on the small scales governed by electrons," comments Matt Taylor, Cluster Project Scientist at ESA. Thus far, scientists had achieved a fairly good understanding of the magnetospheric plasma on very large scales, where it can be described in macroscopic terms, and on intermediate ones, dominated by ions, but the small-scale regime had remained less clear. "With this result, we have made a crucial step towards achieving an ever more detailed picture of our planet's magnetic environment," he concludes.

Notes for editors

The study presented here is based on data gathered by two of the four Cluster spacecraft (C3 and C4) on 31 August 2007, as they were flying through the plasma sheet boundary layer in the tail of Earth's magnetosphere. During this event, the separation between the two spacecraft was small enough (about 40 km) to measure the wavelength of lower hybrid drift waves, a particular type of plasma waves that develop in the presence of sharp discontinuities in the plasma density and magnetic field strength. The observed wavelength of these waves is about 60 km, and they appear to propagate with a velocity of about 1000 km/s.

Cluster is a constellation of four spacecraft flying in formation around Earth. It is the first space mission able to study, in three dimensions, the natural physical processes occurring within and in the near vicinity of the Earth's magnetosphere. Launched in 2000, it is composed of four identical spacecraft orbiting the Earth in a pyramidal configuration, along a nominal polar orbit of 4 ? 19.6 Earth radii (1 Earth radius = 6380 km). Cluster's payload consists of state-of-the-art plasma instrumentation to measure electric and magnetic fields over wide frequency ranges, and key physical parameters characterising electrons and ions from energies of near 0 eV to a few MeV. The science operations are coordinated by the Joint Science Operations Centre (JSOC) at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, United Kingdom, and implemented by ESA's European Space Operations Centre (ESOC), in Darmstadt, Germany.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by European Space Agency.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. Cecilia Norgren, Andris Vaivads, Yuri Khotyaintsev, Mats Andr. Lower Hybrid Drift Waves: Space Observations. Physical Review Letters, 2012; 109 (5) DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.055001

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/space_time/astronomy/~3/zpRVI4ndk18/120801114408.htm

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